Afrique XXI Themes History Colonisation Decolonization History Joe Modise. 30 years heading the army which defeated apartheid Victoria Brittain · 11 April The astonishing legacy of French counter-insurgency doctrine Victoria Brittain · 18 February Thiaroye 1944. The Final Shadows of a Colonial Massacre Clair Rivière · November 2024 Howard W. French. “Africans were at the heart of the bulding of our modern world” Victoria Brittain · October 2024 “The forces that were arrayed against Thomas Sankara were too much” Victoria Brittain · October 2024 The Foundations of a Win-Lose Agreement Olivier Blamangin · October 2024